Arduino explanation
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what's arduino ?
Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and software. It consists of both physical hardware (microcontroller boards) and an integrated development environment (IDE) used for programming those boards.
Arduino hardware:
1- Microcontroller: the brain of an Arduino, and is the component that we load programs into. Think of it as a tiny computer, designed to execute only a specific number of things.
2- USB port :used to connect your Arduino board to a computer.
3- USB to Serial chip: it's like the translator between the coming data from arduino and between the arduino itself, when u are programing your arduino board,you should upload your code , so USB to Serial chip component translate this code to arduino board to make it understood.
4- Digital pins: These pins serve for both reading and writing data (input/output). They can have only two voltage levels: either 0V (low) or 5V (high).
example: For instance, when you attempt to turn an LED on or off, you are essentially outputting data, which can result in either 0V (indicating off) or 5V (indicating on).
PWM pins: They are a subset of digital pins with an additional capability: they can output variable voltage levels between 0V and 5V, rather than being limited to just 0V or 5V.
5- Analog pins: Analog pins on Arduino boards are versatile components that not only read varying voltage levels but can also output analog signals using Pulse Width Modulation (PWM), providing flexibility for a wide range of applications
6- 5V / 3.3V pins: These pins provide stable voltage outputs of either 5 volts or 3.3 volts, respectively, which are commonly used to power external components or provide reference voltages for sensors and modules.
7- GND: Also known as ground , negative or simply - , is used to complete a circuit, where the electrical level is at 0 volt.
8-VIN: A pin used to supply external voltage to the board. It allows users to power the Arduino using an external power source, such as a battery or an external power adapter, providing flexibility in powering the board in various applications.
